Monte Carlo simulations of prompt-gamma emission during carbon ion irradiation

F. Le Foulher 1 M. Bajard 1 M. Chevallier 2 D. Dauvergne 1 N. Freud 3 P. Henriquet 1 S. Karkar 4 J.M. Létang 3 Loïc Lestand 5 R. Plescak C. Ray 1 D. Schardt E. Testa 1 M. Testa 1
1 IPNL - Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon
2 CAS-PHABIO
IPNL - Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon
3 CNDRI - Controle Non Destructif par Rayonnements Ionisants
4 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
5 LPC - Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand
Abstract : Monte Carlo simulations based on the Geant4 toolkit (version 9.1) were performed to study the emission of secondary prompt-gamma rays produced by nuclear reactions during carbon ion-beam therapy. These simulations were performed along with an experimental program and instrumentation developments which aim at designing a prompt-gamma ray device for real-time control of hadrontherapy. The objective of the present study is twofold: firstly, to present the features of the prompt-gamma radiation in the case of carbon ion irradiation; secondly, to simulate the experimental setup and to compare measured and simulated counting rates corresponding to four different experiments. For each experiment, we found that simulations overestimate prompt-gamma ray detection yields by a factor of 12. Uncertainties in fragmentation cross sections and binary cascade model cannot explain such discrepancies. The so-called “photon evaporation” model is therefore questionable and its modification is currently in progress.
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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010, 57 (5), pp.2768-2772
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F. Le Foulher, M. Bajard, M. Chevallier, D. Dauvergne, N. Freud, et al.. Monte Carlo simulations of prompt-gamma emission during carbon ion irradiation. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010, 57 (5), pp.2768-2772. <in2p3-00480024>

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