Journal articles
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO3
A. F. Santander-Syro
1
O. Copie
2
T. Kondo
S. Fortuna
1
S. Pailhes
3
R. Weht
X. G. Qiu
F. Bertran
A. Nicolaou
A. Taleb-Ibrahimi
P. Le Fevre
4
G. Herranz
M. Bibes
2
N. Reyren
2
Y. Apertet
P. Lecoeur
5
A. Barthelemy
2
M. J. Rozenberg
6
1
CSNSM PS2
CSNSM - Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse, CSNSM - Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière
A. F. Santander-Syro 1
Author
O. Copie 2
Author IdHAL : olivier-copie ResearcherId : http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-1398-2014 ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-433X
T. Kondo
Author
S. Fortuna 1
Author
S. Pailhes 3
Author IdHAL : stephane-pailhes ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-7092
R. Weht
Author
X. G. Qiu
Author
F. Bertran
Author
M. Bibes 2
Author IdHAL : manuelbibes arXiv : https://arxiv.org/a/manuel.bibes ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-3422
N. Reyren 2
Author IdHAL : nicolas-reyren arXiv : https://arxiv.org/a/reyren ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7745-7282
Y. Apertet
Author
P. Lecoeur 5
Author
A. Barthelemy 2
Author
M. J. Rozenberg 6
Author
1
CSNSM PS2 (France)
- CSNSM - Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (batiments 104 et 108 - 91405 Orsay Campus - France)
- UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
- IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (France)
- CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR8609 (France)
- CSNSM - Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (Bâtiments 104 et 108 91405 Orsay Campus - France)
- UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
- IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (France)
- CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR8609 (France)
2
IPNO - Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPN - 15, rue Georges Clemenceau - 91406 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
- UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
- IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (France)
- CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR8608 (France)
3
LLB - UMR 12 - Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12, CEA Saclay 91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)
- CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives : DRF/IRAMIS (Centre de Saclay Centre de Grenoble Centre de Cadarache etc - France)
- Université Paris-Saclay (Espace Technologique, Bat. Discovery - RD 128 - 2e ét., 91190 Saint-Aubin - France)
- CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR12 (France)
4
SSOLEIL - Synchrotron SOLEIL (L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin - BP 48 91192 GIF-sur-YVETTE CEDEX - France)
- CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UR1 (France)
5
IEF - Institut d'électronique fondamentale (bat. 220 Av Georges Clémenceau 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
- UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
- CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR8622 (France)
6
LPS - Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (Bat. 510 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
- UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
- CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR8502 (France)
Abstract : As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2.SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electronmatter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metal-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of 0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures6,8,13 and field-effect transistors9,14 suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides.
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Journal articles
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http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00558473
Contributor : Christine Hadrossek <>
Submitted on : Friday, January 28, 2011 - 1:54:50 PM
Last modification on : Friday, March 5, 2021 - 3:09:44 PM
Contributor : Christine Hadrossek <>
Submitted on : Friday, January 28, 2011 - 1:54:50 PM
Last modification on : Friday, March 5, 2021 - 3:09:44 PM
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- HAL Id : in2p3-00558473, version 1
- DOI : 10.1038/nature09720
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CSNSM | CNRS | IN2P3 | IPNO | DSM-IRAMIS | CEA | IRAMIS-LLB | SYNCHROTRON-SOLEIL | CEA-DRF | IJL-SPIN | IRAMIS
Citation
A. F. Santander-Syro, O. Copie, T. Kondo, S. Fortuna, S. Pailhes, et al.. Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO3. Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 2011, 469, pp.189-194. ⟨10.1038/nature09720⟩. ⟨in2p3-00558473⟩
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