# How atomic nuclei cluster

Abstract : Nucleonic matter displays a quantum liquid structure, but in some cases finite nuclei behave like molecules composed of clusters of protons and neutrons. Clustering is a recurrent feature in light nuclei, from beryllium to nickel. For instance, in $^{12}$C the Hoyle state, crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis, can be described as a nuclear molecule consisting of three alpha-particles. The mechanism of cluster formation, however, has not yet been fully understood. We show that the origin of clustering can be traced back to the depth of the confining nuclear potential. By employing the theoretical framework of energy density functionals that encompasses both cluster and quantum liquid-drop aspects of nuclei, it is shown that the depth of the potential determines the energy spacings between single-nucleon orbitals, the localization of the corresponding wave functions and, therefore, the degree of nucleonic density clustering. Relativistic functionals, in particular, are characterized by deep single-nucleon potentials. When compared to non-relativistic functionals that yield similar ground-state properties (binding energy, deformation, radii), they predict the occurrence of much more pronounced cluster structures. More generally, clustering is considered as a transitional phenomenon between crystalline and quantum liquid phases of fermionic systems.
Document type :
Journal articles

http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00677360
Contributor : Sophie Heurteau Connect in order to contact the contributor
Submitted on : Thursday, March 8, 2012 - 10:35:57 AM
Last modification on : Tuesday, December 14, 2021 - 3:48:04 AM

### Citation

J. -P Ebran, E. Khan, T. Niksic, D. Vretenar. How atomic nuclei cluster. Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 2012, 487, pp.341-344. ⟨10.1038/nature11246⟩. ⟨in2p3-00677360⟩

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