Drawing in nonhuman primates: What we know and what remains to be investigated.
Résumé
For over a century now, a number of researchers have explored the evolutionary emergence of
mark-making and drawing behaviors through studies in monkeys and apes, and particularly in chimpanzees. Their observations and results remain relevant to this day and underline the interest of this question
and the questions that remain to be answered. The present review begins by retracing the historical
timeline of this specific and challenging topic from the earliest anecdotal evidence to the first systematic
studies in the 1930s. We then describe how the research became more empirical through the use of
stimulus figures, the examination of color choices, or even exploring outline-making processes. We
discuss the use of touch screens in the 1990s, which enriched our knowledge by providing an opportunity
for data collection and innovative analysis. Finally, we underline several key points that are of
importance for future investigations into the mark-making process in nonhuman primates.