Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard Access content directly
Journal Articles (Review Article) Autophagy Year : 2012

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

Daniel J Klionsky , Fabio C Abdalla , Hagai Abeliovich , Robert T Abraham , Abraham Acevedo-Arozena , Khosrow Adeli , Lotta Agholme , Maria Agnello , Patrizia Agostinis (1) , Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso , Hyung Jun Ahn , Ouardia Ait-Mohamed , Slimane Ait-Si-Ali (2) , Takahiko Akematsu , Shizuo Akira (3) , Hesham M Al-Younes , Munir A Al-Zeer , Matthew L Albert (4) , Roger L Albin , Javier Alegre-Abarrategui , Maria Francesca Aleo , Mehrdad Alirezaei , Alexandru Almasan , Maylin Almonte-Becerril , Atsuo Amano , Ravi Amaravadi , Shoba Amarnath , Amal O Amer , Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie , Vellareddy Anantharam , David K Ann , Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie , Hiroshi Aoki , Nadezda Apostolova , Patrick Auberger , Misuzu Baba , Steven K Backues , Eric H Baehrecke , Ben A Bahr , Xue-Yuan Bai , Yannick Bailly (5) , Robert Baiocchi , Giulia Baldini , Walter Balduini , Andrea Ballabio (6, 7, 8, 9) , Bruce A Bamber , Edward T W Bampton , Gábor Bánhegyi , Clinton R Bartholomew , Diane C Bassham , Robert C Bast , Henri Batoko , Boon-Huat Bay , Isabelle Beau (10) , Daniel M Béchet , Thomas J Begley , Christian Behl , Christian Behrends , Soumeya Bekri , Bryan Bellaire , Linda J Bendall , Luca Benetti , Laura Berliocchi , Henri Bernardi , Francesca Bernassola , Sébastien Besteiro (11) , Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova (12) , Xiaoning Bi , Martine Biard-Piechaczyk (13) , Janice S Blum , Lawrence H Boise , Paolo Bonaldo , David L Boone , Beat C Bornhauser , Karina R Bortoluci , Ioannis Bossis , Frédéric Bost , Jean-Pierre Bourquin , Patricia Boya (14) , Michaël Boyer-Guittaut (15) , Peter V Bozhkov , Nathan R Brady , Claudio Brancolini , Andreas Brech , Jay E Brenman , Ana Brennand , Emery H Bresnick , Patrick Brest (16, 17) , Dave Bridges , Molly L Bristol , Paul S Brookes , Eric J Brown , John H Brumell , Nicola Brunetti-Pierri , Ulf T Brunk , Dennis E Bulman , Scott J Bultman , Geert Bultynck (1) , Lena F Burbulla , Wilfried Bursch , Jonathan P Butchar , Wanda Buzgariu , Sergio P Bydlowski , Ken Cadwell , Monika Cahová , Dongsheng Cai (18) , Jiyang Cai , Qian Cai , Bruno Calabretta , Javier Calvo-Garrido (19) , Nadine Camougrand (12) , Michelangelo Campanella , Jenny Campos-Salinas , Eleonora Candi , Lizhi Cao , Allan B Caplan , Simon R Carding , Sandra M Cardoso , Jennifer S Carew , Cathleen R Carlin , Virginie Carmignac , Leticia a M Carneiro , Serena Carra , Rosario A Caruso , Giorgio Casari , Caty Casas (20) , Roberta Castino , Eduardo Cebollero , Francesco Cecconi (21) , Jean Celli , Hassan Chaachouay , Han-Jung Chae , Chee-Yin Chai , David C Chan , Edmond y Chan , Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang , Chi-Ming Che (22) , Ching-Chow Chen , Guang-Chao Chen , Guo-Qiang Chen , Min Chen (23) , Quan Chen , Steve S-L Chen , Wenli Chen (24) , Xi Chen (25) , Xiangmei Chen , Xiequn Chen , Ye-Guang Chen , Yingyu Chen , Yongqiang Chen , Yu-Jen Chen , Zhixiang Chen , Alan Cheng , Christopher H K Cheng , Yan Cheng , Heesun Cheong , Jae-Ho Cheong , Sara Cherry , Russ Chess-Williams , Zelda H Cheung , Eric Chevet (26) , Hui-Ling Chiang , Roberto Chiarelli , Tomoki Chiba , Lih-Shen Chin (27) , Shih-Hwa Chiou , Francis V Chisari , Chi Hin Cho , Dong-Hyung Cho , Augustine M K Choi , Dooseok Choi , Kyeong Sook Choi , Mary E Choi , Salem Chouaib (28) , Divaker Choubey , Vinay Choubey , Charleen T Chu , Tsung-Hsien Chuang , Sheau-Huei Chueh , Taehoon Chun , Yong-Joon Chwae , Mee-Len Chye , Roberto Ciarcia , Maria R Ciriolo (29) , Michael J Clague , Robert S B Clark , Peter G H Clarke , Robert Clarke (30) , Patrice Codogno (10) , Hilary A Coller , María I Colombo , Sergio Comincini , Maria Condello , Fabrizio Condorelli , Mark R Cookson , Graham H Coombs (31) , Isabelle Coppens , Ramon Corbalan , Pascale Cossart (32) , Paola Costelli (33) , Safia Costes (34) , Ana Coto-Montes , Eduardo Couve (35) , Fraser P Coxon , James M Cregg , José L Crespo , Marianne J Cronjé , Ana Maria Cuervo , Joseph J Cullen , Mark J Czaja , Marcello d'Amelio (21) , Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud , Lester M Davids , Faith E Davies (36) , Massimo de Felici , John F de Groot , Cornelis a M de Haan , Luisa de Martino , Angelo de Milito , Vincenzo de Tata , Jayanta Debnath , Alexei Degterev , Benjamin Dehay (37) , Lea M D Delbridge , Francesca Demarchi , Yi Zhen Deng , Jörn Dengjel , Paul Dent (38) , Donna Denton , Vojo Deretic (39) , Shyamal D Desai , Rodney J Devenish , Mario Di Gioacchino , Gilbert Di Paolo , Chiara Di Pietro , Guillermo Díaz-Araya (40) , Inés Díaz-Laviada (41) , Maria T Diaz-Meco (42) , Javier Diaz-Nido , Ivan Dikic , Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar , Wen-Xing Ding , Clark W Distelhorst , Abhinav Diwan , Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny (10) , Svetlana Dokudovskaya (43) , Zheng Dong , Frank C Dorsey , Victor Dosenko , James J Dowling , Stephen Doxsey , Marlène Dreux (44) , Mark E Drew , Qiuhong Duan , Michel A Duchosal , Karen Duff , Isabelle Dugail , Madeleine Durbeej , Michael Duszenko , Charles L Edelstein , Aimee L Edinger , Gustavo Egea , Ludwig Eichinger , N Tony Eissa , Suhendan Ekmekcioglu , Wafik S El-Deiry , Zvulun Elazar , Mohamed Elgendy , Lisa M Ellerby , Kai Er Eng , Anna-Mart Engelbrecht , Simone Engelender , Jekaterina Erenpreisa , Ricardo Escalante (45) , Audrey Esclatine (46, 47) , Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen , Lucile Espert (13) , Virginia Espina , Huizhou Fan , Jia Fan , Qi-Wen Fan , Zhen Fan , Shengyun Fang , Yongqi Fang , Manolis Fanto (48) , Alessandro Fanzani (49) , Thomas Farkas , Jean-Claude Farré , Mathias Faure (50) , Marcus Fechheimer , Carl G Feng , Jian Feng (51) , Qili Feng , Youji Feng , László Fésüs (52) , Ralph Feuer , Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira , Gian Maria Fimia (21) , Diane C Fingar , Steven Finkbeiner , Toren Finkel , Kim D Finley , Filomena Fiorito , Edward A Fisher , Paul B Fisher , Marc Flajolet , Maria L Florez-Mcclure , Salvatore Florio , Edward A Fon (53) , Francesco Fornai , Franco Fortunato , Rati Fotedar , Daniel H Fowler , Howard S Fox , Rodrigo Franco , Lisa B Frankel , Marc Fransen , José M Fuentes , Juan Fueyo , Jun Fujii , Kozo Fujisaki , Eriko Fujita , Mitsunori Fukuda (54) , Ruth H Furukawa , Matthias Gaestel , Philippe Gailly , Malgorzata Gajewska , Brigitte Galliot , Vincent Galy (55, 56, 57) , Subramaniam Ganesh , Barry Ganetzky , Ian G Ganley , Fen-Biao Gao , George F Gao , Jinming Gao , Lorena Garcia , Guillermo Garcia-Manero , Mikel Garcia-Marcos , Marjan Garmyn , Andrei L Gartel , Evelina Gatti , Mathias Gautel , Thomas R Gawriluk , Matthew E Gegg , Jiefei Geng , Marc Germain (58) , Jason E Gestwicki , David A Gewirtz , Saeid Ghavami , Pradipta Ghosh , Anna M Giammarioli , Alexandra N Giatromanolaki , Spencer B Gibson , Robert W Gilkerson , Michael L Ginger , Ebru Goncu , Céline Gongora (59) , Claudio D Gonzalez , Ramon Gonzalez , Cristina González-Estévez , Rosa Ana González-Polo , Elena Gonzalez-Rey , Nikolai V Gorbunov , Sharon Gorski , Sandro Goruppi , Roberta A Gottlieb , Devrim Gozuacik , Giovanna Elvira Granato , Gary D Grant , Kim N Green , Aleš Gregorc , Frédéric Gros (60, 61) , Charles Grose , Thomas W Grunt , Philippe Gual (62, 63) , Jun-Lin Guan , Kun-Liang Guan , Sylvie M Guichard , Anna S Gukovskaya , Ilya Gukovsky , Jan Gunst , Asa B Gustafsson , Andrew J Halayko , Amber N Hale , Sandra K Halonen , Maho Hamasaki , Feng Han , Ting Han , Michael K Hancock , Malene Hansen , Hisashi Harada , Masaru Harada (64) , Stefan E Hardt , J Wade Harper , Adrian L Harris (65) , James Harris (66) , Steven D Harris , Marie-Joseé Hébert , Kim A Heidenreich , Miep H Helfrich , Gudmundur V Helgason , Elizabeth P Henske , Brian Herman (67) , Paul K Herman , Claudio Hetz , Sabine Hilfiker , Joseph A Hill , Lynne J Hocking , Paul Hofman (68) , Thomas G Hofmann , Jörg Höhfeld , Tessa L Holyoake , Ming-Huang Hong , David A Hood , Gökhan S Hotamisligil , Ewout J Houwerzijl , Maria Høyer-Hansen , Bingren Hu , Chien-an A Hu , Hong-Ming Hu , Ya Hua , Canhua Huang , Ju Huang , Shengbing Huang , Wei-Pang Huang , Tobias B Huber , Won-Ki Huh , Tai-Ho Hung , Ted R Hupp , Gang Min Hur , James B Hurley , Sabah N A Hussain , Patrick J Hussey , Jung Jin Hwang , Seungmin Hwang , Atsuhiro Ichihara , Shirin Ilkhanizadeh , Ken Inoki , Takeshi Into , Valentina Iovane , Juan L Iovanna , Nancy y Ip (69) , Yoshitaka Isaka , Hiroyuki Ishida , Ciro Isidoro , Ken-Ichi Isobe , Akiko Iwasaki , Marta Izquierdo , Yotaro Izumi , Panu M Jaakkola , Marja Jäättelä (70) , George R Jackson , William T Jackson , Bassam Janji (71) , Marina Jendrach , Ju-Hong Jeon , Eui-Bae Jeung , Hong Jiang (72) , Hongchi Jiang , Jean X Jiang , Ming Jiang (73) , Qing Jiang , Xuejun Jiang , Alberto Jiménez , Meiyan Jin , Shengkan Jin , Cheol O Joe , Terje Johansen , Daniel E Johnson , Gail V W Johnson , Nicola L Jones , Bertrand Joseph , Suresh K Joseph , Annie M Joubert , Gábor Juhász , Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret , Chang Hwa Jung , Yong-Keun Jung , Kai Kaarniranta , Allen Kaasik , Tomohiro Kabuta , Motoni Kadowaki , Katarina Kagedal , Yoshiaki Kamada , Vitaliy O Kaminskyy , Harm H Kampinga (74) , Hiromitsu Kanamori , Chanhee Kang , Khong Bee Kang , Kwang Il Kang , Rui Kang , Yoon-A Kang , Tomotake Kanki , Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti , Haruo Kanno , Anumantha G Kanthasamy , Arthi Kanthasamy , Vassiliki Karantza , Gur P Kaushal , Susmita Kaushik , Yoshinori Kawazoe , Po-Yuan Ke , John H Kehrl , Ameeta Kelekar , Claus Kerkhoff , David H Kessel , Hany Khalil , Jan a K W Kiel , Amy A Kiger , Akio Kihara , Deok Ryong Kim , Do-Hyung Kim , Dong-Hou Kim , Eun-Kyoung Kim , Hyung-Ryong Kim , Jae-Sung Kim , Jeong Hun Kim , Jin Cheon Kim , John K Kim , Peter K Kim , Seong Who Kim , Yong-Sun Kim , Yonghyun Kim , Adi Kimchi (75) , Alec C Kimmelman , Jason S King , Timothy J Kinsella , Vladimir Kirkin (76) , Lorrie A Kirshenbaum , Katsuhiko Kitamoto , Kaio Kitazato , Ludger Klein (77) , Walter T Klimecki , Jochen Klucken , Erwin Knecht , Ben C B Ko , Jan C Koch , Hiroshi Koga , Jae-Young Koh , Young Ho Koh , Masato Koike , Masaaki Komatsu , Eiki Kominami , Hee Jeong Kong , Wei-Jia Kong , Viktor I Korolchuk , Yaichiro Kotake , Michael I Koukourakis , Juan B Kouri Flores , Attila L Kovács , Claudine Kraft , Dimitri Krainc , Helmut Krämer (78) , Carole Kretz-Remy (79) , Anna M Krichevsky , Guido Kroemer (80, 81, 82, 83, 84) , Rejko Krüger (85) , Oleg Krut , Nicholas T Ktistakis , Chia-Yi Kuan , Roza Kucharczyk (12) , Ashok Kumar (86, 87, 88, 89) , Raj Kumar , Sharad Kumar (90) , Mondira Kundu , Hsing-Jien Kung , Tino Kurz , Ho Jeong Kwon , Albert R La Spada , Frank Lafont , Trond Lamark , Jacques Landry , Jon D Lane , Pierre Lapaquette (91, 92) , Jocelyn F Laporte , Lajos László , Sergio Lavandero (93, 40) , Josée N Lavoie , Robert Layfield , Pedro A Lazo , Weidong Le , Laurent Le Cam (59, 94) , Daniel J Ledbetter , Alvin J X Lee , Byung-Wan Lee , Gyun Min Lee , Jongdae Lee , Ju-Hyun Lee , Michael Lee , Myung-Shik Lee , Sug Hyung Lee , Christiaan Leeuwenburgh , Patrick Legembre (95) , Renaud Legouis (46, 96) , Michael Lehmann , Huan-Yao Lei (97) , Qun-Ying Lei , David A Leib , José Leiro , John J Lemasters , Antoinette Lemoine (98) , Maciej S Lesniak , Dina Lev , Victor V Levenson , Beth Levine (99, 100) , Efrat Levy , Faqiang Li , Jun-Lin Li , Lian Li (101, 102) , Sheng Li , Weijie Li , Xue-Jun Li , Yan-Bo Li , Yi-Ping Li , Chengyu Liang , Qiangrong Liang , Yung-Feng Liao , Pawel P Liberski , Andrew Lieberman , Hyunjung J Lim , Kah-Leong Lim (103, 104) , Kyu Lim , Chiou-Feng Lin , Fu-Cheng Lin , Jian Lin (105) , Jiandie D Lin , Kui Lin , Wan-Wan Lin , Weei-Chin Lin , Yi-Ling Lin , Rafael Linden , Paul Lingor , Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz , Michael P Lisanti , Paloma B Liton , Bo Liu , Chun-Feng Liu , Kaiyu Liu (106, 107) , Leyuan Liu , Qiong A Liu , Wei Liu , Young-Chau Liu , Yule Liu , Richard A Lockshin , Chun-Nam Lok , Sagar Lonial (108) , Benjamin Loos , Gabriel Lopez-Berestein , Carlos López-Otín (109) , Laura Lossi , Michael T Lotze , Peter Lőw , Binfeng Lu , Bingwei Lu , Bo Lu (110) , Zhen Lu , Frédéric Luciano (17, 111) , Nicholas W Lukacs , Anders H Lund , Melinda A Lynch-Day , Yong Ma (112) , Fernando Macian , Jeff P Mackeigan , Kay F Macleod , Frank Madeo (113) , Luigi Maiuri (114) , Maria Chiara Maiuri (81, 115) , Davide Malagoli , May Christine V Malicdan , Walter Malorni (116) , Na Man , Eva-Maria Mandelkow , Stéphen Manon (12) , Irena Manov , Kai Mao , Xiang Mao , Zixu Mao , Philippe Marambaud (117) , Daniela Marazziti , Yves L Marcel , Katie Marchbank , Piero Marchetti , Stefan J Marciniak , Mateus Marcondes , Mohsen Mardi , Gabriella Marfe , Guillermo Mariño (14) , Maria Markaki (118) , Mark R Marten , Seamus J Martin , Camille Martinand-Mari (119) , Wim Martinet , Marta Martinez-Vicente , Matilde Masini , Paola Matarrese , Saburo Matsuo , Raffaele Matteoni , Andreas Mayer , Nathalie M Mazure (120) , David J Mcconkey , Melanie J Mcconnell , Catherine Mcdermott , Christine Mcdonald , Gerald M Mcinerney , Sharon L Mckenna , Bethann Mclaughlin (121, 122, 123) , Pamela J Mclean , Christopher R Mcmaster , G Angus Mcquibban , Alfred J Meijer , Miriam H Meisler , Alicia Meléndez , Thomas J Melia (124) , Gerry Melino , Maria A Mena , Javier A Menendez , Rubem F S Menna-Barreto , Manoj B Menon , Fiona M Menzies , Carol A Mercer , Adalberto Merighi , Diane E Merry , Stefania Meschini , Christian G Meyer , Thomas F Meyer , Chao-Yu Miao , Jun-Ying Miao , Paul a M Michels , Carine Michiels , Dalibor Mijaljica , Ana Milojkovic , Saverio Minucci , Clelia Miracco (125) , Cindy K Miranti , Ioannis Mitroulis , Keisuke Miyazawa , Noboru Mizushima , Baharia Mograbi (16, 17) , Simin Mohseni , Xavier Molero , Bertrand Mollereau , Faustino Mollinedo , Takashi Momoi , Iryna Monastyrska , Martha M Monick , Mervyn J Monteiro , Michael N Moore , Rodrigo Mora , Kevin Moreau , Paula I Moreira , Yuji Moriyasu , Jorge Moscat (42) , Serge Mostowy , Jeremy C Mottram , Tomasz Motyl , Charbel E-H Moussa , Sylke Müller , Sylviane Muller (60) , Karl Münger (126) , Christian Münz , Leon O Murphy , Maureen E Murphy , Antonio Musarò , Indira Mysorekar , Eiichiro Nagata , Kazuhiro Nagata , Aimable Nahimana , Usha Nair , Toshiyuki Nakagawa , Kiichi Nakahira , Hiroyasu Nakano , Hitoshi Nakatogawa , Meera Nanjundan , Naweed I Naqvi , Derek P Narendra , Masashi Narita , Miguel Navarro , Steffan T Nawrocki , Taras y Nazarko , Andriy Nemchenko , Mihai G Netea , Thomas P Neufeld , Paul A Ney , Ioannis P Nezis , Huu Phuc Nguyen , Daotai Nie (127) , Ichizo Nishino , Corey Nislow , Ralph A Nixon , Takeshi Noda , Angelika A Noegel , Anna Nogalska (128) , Satoru Noguchi , Lucia Notterpek , Ivana Novak (129) , Tomoyoshi Nozaki , Nobuyuki Nukina , Thorsten Nürnberger , Beat Nyfeler , Keisuke Obara , Terry D Oberley , Salvatore Oddo , Michinaga Ogawa , Toya Ohashi , Koji Okamoto , Nancy L Oleinick , F Javier Oliver , Laura J Olsen , Stefan Olsson , Onya Opota , Timothy F Osborne , Gary K Ostrander , Kinya Otsu , Jing-Hsiung James Ou , Mireille Ouimet , Michael Overholtzer , Bulent Ozpolat , Paolo Paganetti , Ugo Pagnini , Nicolas Pallet , Glen E Palmer , Camilla Palumbo , Tianhong Pan , Theocharis Panaretakis , Udai Bhan Pandey , Zuzana Papackova , Issidora Papassideri (130) , Irmgard Paris , Junsoo Park , Ohkmae K Park , Jan B Parys (1) , Katherine R Parzych , Susann Patschan , Cam Patterson , Sophie Pattingre (59) , John M Pawelek , Jianxin Peng , David H Perlmutter , Ida Perrotta , George Perry (131, 132) , Shazib Pervaiz (133) , Matthias Peter (134) , Godefridus J Peters , Morten Petersen , Goran Petrovski , James M Phang , Mauro Piacentini (135) , Philippe Pierre , Valérie Pierrefite-Carle (136) , Gérard Pierron , Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski , Antonio Piras , Natik Piri , Leonidas C Platanias , Stefanie Pöggeler , Marc Poirot , Angelo Poletti , Christian Poüs (137, 138) , Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio (139) , Mette Prætorius-Ibba , Anil Prasad , Mark Prescott , Muriel Priault (12) , Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen , Ann Progulske-Fox , Tassula Proikas-Cezanne (140) , Serge Przedborski (141, 142, 143) , Karin Przyklenk , Rosa Puertollano , Julien Puyal (144, 145) , Shu-Bing Qian , Liang Qin , Zheng-Hong Qin , Susan E Quaggin , Nina Raben , Hannah Rabinowich , Simon W Rabkin , Irfan Rahman , Abdelhaq Rami , Georg Ramm , Glenn Randall , Felix Randow , V Ashutosh Rao , Jeffrey C Rathmell , Brinda Ravikumar , Swapan K Ray , Bruce H Reed , John C Reed , Fulvio Reggiori (146) , Anne Régnier-Vigouroux , Andreas S Reichert , John J Reiners , Russel J Reiter , Jun Ren , José L Revuelta , Christopher J Rhodes , Konstantinos Ritis , Elizete Rizzo , Jeffrey Robbins , Michel Roberge , Hernan Roca , Maria C Roccheri , Stephane Rocchi (147) , H Peter Rodemann , Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba , Bärbel Rohrer , Igor B Roninson , Kirill Rosen , Magdalena M Rost-Roszkowska , Mustapha Rouis (148) , Kasper M A Rouschop , Francesca Rovetta , Brian P Rubin , David C Rubinsztein (149) , Klaus Ruckdeschel , Edmund B Rucker , Assaf Rudich , Emil Rudolf , Nelson Ruiz-Opazo , Rossella Russo , Tor Erik Rusten , Kevin M Ryan (150) , Stefan W Ryter , David M Sabatini , Junichi Sadoshima , Tapas Saha , Tatsuya Saitoh , Hiroshi Sakagami , Yasuyoshi Sakai , Ghasem Hoseini Salekdeh , Paolo Salomoni , Paul M Salvaterra , Guy Salvesen , Rosa Salvioli , Anthony M J Sanchez (151) , José A Sánchez-Alcázar , Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto , Marco Sandri (152) , Uma Sankar , Poonam Sansanwal , Laura Santambrogio , Shweta Saran , Sovan Sarkar , Minnie Sarwal , Chihiro Sasakawa , Ausra Sasnauskiene , Miklós Sass , Ken Sato , Miyuki Sato , Anthony H V Schapira , Michael Scharl , Hermann M Schätzl , Wiep Scheper (153) , Stefano Schiaffino , Claudio Schneider , Marion E Schneider , Regine Schneider-Stock (154, 155) , Patricia V Schoenlein , Daniel F Schorderet (156, 157, 158) , Christoph Schüller , Gary K Schwartz , Luca Scorrano (159) , Linda Sealy , Per O Seglen , Juan Segura-Aguilar (160) , Iban Seiliez , Oleksandr Seleverstov , Christian Sell , Jong Bok Seo , Duska Separovic , Vijayasaradhi Setaluri , Takao Setoguchi , Carmine Settembre , John J Shacka , Mala Shanmugam , Irving M Shapiro , Eitan Shaulian , Reuben J Shaw , James H Shelhamer , Han-Ming Shen , Wei-Chiang Shen , Zu-Hang Sheng , Yang Shi (161) , Kenichi Shibuya , Yoshihiro Shidoji , Jeng-Jer Shieh , Chwen-Ming Shih , Yohta Shimada , Shigeomi Shimizu , Takahiro Shintani , Orian S Shirihai , Gordon C Shore , Andriy A Sibirny , Stan B Sidhu (162, 163) , Beata Sikorska , Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin , Alison Simmons (164) , Anna Katharina Simon , Hans-Uwe Simon (165) , Cristiano Simone , Anne Simonsen , David A Sinclair , Rajat Singh , Debasish Sinha , Frank A Sinicrope , Agnieszka Sirko , Parco M Siu , Efthimios Sivridis , Vojtech Skop , Vladimir P Skulachev , Ruth S Slack , Soraya S Smaili , Duncan R Smith , Maria S Soengas , Thierry Soldati (166) , Xueqin Song , Anil K Sood , Tuck Wah Soong , Federica Sotgia (167, 168) , Stephen A Spector , Claudia D Spies , Wolfdieter Springer , Srinivasa M Srinivasula , Leonidas Stefanis , Joan S Steffan , Ruediger Stendel , Harald Stenmark , Anastasis Stephanou , Stephan T Stern , Cinthya Sternberg , Björn Stork , Peter Strålfors (169) , Carlos S Subauste , Xinbing Sui , David Sulzer , Jiaren Sun , Shi-Yong Sun , Zhi-Jun Sun , Joseph J y Sung , Kuninori Suzuki , Toshihiko Suzuki , Michele S Swanson , Charles Swanton (73, 170) , Sean T Sweeney (171) , Lai-King Sy , Gyorgy Szabadkai (172) , Ira Tabas , Heinrich Taegtmeyer , Marco Tafani , Krisztina Takács-Vellai , Yoshitaka Takano , Kaoru Takegawa , Genzou Takemura , Fumihiko Takeshita , Nicholas J Talbot , Kevin S W Tan (173) , Keiji Tanaka , Kozo Tanaka , Daolin Tang , Dingzhong Tang , Isei Tanida , Bakhos A Tannous , Nektarios Tavernarakis (118) , Graham S Taylor , Gregory A Taylor , J Paul Taylor , Lance S Terada , Alexei Terman , Gianluca Tettamanti , Karin Thevissen (174) , Craig B Thompson (175) , Andrew Thorburn , Michael Thumm , Fengfeng Tian , Yuan Tian , Glauco Tocchini-Valentini , Aviva M Tolkovsky , Yasuhiko Tomino , Lars Tönges , Sharon A Tooze , Cathy Tournier , John Tower , Roberto Towns , Vladimir Trajkovic , Leonardo H Travassos (176, 177) , Ting-Fen Tsai , Mario P Tschan , Takeshi Tsubata , Allan Tsung , Boris Turk , Lorianne S Turner , Suresh C Tyagi , Yasuo Uchiyama , Takashi Ueno , Midori Umekawa , Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji , Vivek K Unni , Maria I Vaccaro , Enza Maria Valente (178, 179) , Greet van den Berghe (180) , Ida J van Der Klei , Wouter van Doorn , Linda F van Dyk , Marjolein van Egmond , Leo A van Grunsven (181) , Peter Vandenabeele (182) , Wim P Vandenberghe , Ilse Vanhorebeek , Eva C Vaquero , Guillermo Velasco (41) , Tibor Vellai , Jose Miguel Vicencio (40) , Richard D Vierstra , Miquel Vila , Cécile Vindis , Giampietro Viola (183) , Maria Teresa Viscomi , Olga V Voitsekhovskaja , Clarissa von Haefen , Marcela Votruba , Keiji Wada , Richard Wade-Martins , Cheryl L Walker , Craig M Walsh , Jochen Walter , Xiang-Bo Wan , Aimin Wang , Chenguang Wang (167) , Dawei Wang , Fan Wang (184) , Fen Wang , Guanghui Wang , Haichao Wang , Hong-Gang Wang , Horng-Dar Wang , Jin Wang , Ke Wang (185) , Mei Wang (186, 187) , Richard C Wang , Xinglong Wang (131) , Xuejun Wang , Ying-Jan Wang , Yipeng Wang , Zhen Wang (188) , Zhigang Charles Wang , Zhinong Wang , Derick G Wansink , Diane M Ward , Hirotaka Watada , Sarah L Waters , Paul Webster , Lixin Wei , Conrad C Weihl , William A Weiss , Scott M Welford , Long-Ping Wen , Caroline A Whitehouse , J Lindsay Whitton , Alexander J Whitworth , Tom Wileman , John W Wiley , Simon Wilkinson , Dieter Willbold , Roger L Williams , Peter R Williamson , Bradly G Wouters , Chenghan Wu , Dao-Cheng Wu , William K K Wu , Andreas Wyttenbach , Ramnik J Xavier , Zhijun Xi , Pu Xia , Gengfu Xiao , Zhiping Xie , Zhonglin Xie (189) , Da-Zhi Xu , Jianzhen Xu , Liang Xu , Xiaolei Xu , Ai Yamamoto , Akitsugu Yamamoto , Shunhei Yamashina , Michiaki Yamashita , Xianghua Yan , Mitsuhiro Yanagida , Dun-Sheng Yang , Elizabeth Yang , Jin-Ming Yang , Shi Yu Yang , Wannian Yang , Wei Yuan Yang , Zhifen Yang , Meng-Chao Yao , Tso-Pang Yao (190) , Behzad Yeganeh , Wei-Lien Yen , Jia-Jing Yin , Xiao-Ming Yin , Ook-Joon Yoo , Gyesoon Yoon , Seung-Yong Yoon , Tomohiro Yorimitsu , Yuko Yoshikawa , Tamotsu Yoshimori , Kohki Yoshimoto , Ho Jin You , Richard J Youle , Anas Younes , Li Yu , Long Yu , Seong-Woon Yu , Wai Haung Yu , Zhi-Min Yuan , Zhenyu Yue , Cheol-Heui Yun , Michisuke Yuzaki , Olga Zabirnyk , Elaine Silva-Zacarin , David Zacks , Eldad Zacksenhaus , Nadia Zaffaroni (191) , Zahra Zakeri , Herbert J Zeh , Scott O Zeitlin , Hong Zhang (192, 193) , Hui-Ling Zhang , Jianhua Zhang (194) , Jing-Pu Zhang , Lin Zhang (195) , Long Zhang , Ming-Yong Zhang (196) , Xu Dong Zhang , Mantong Zhao , Yi-Fang Zhao , Ying Zhao (197) , Zhizhuang J Zhao , Xiaoxiang Zheng , Boris Zhivotovsky (198) , Qing Zhong , Cong-Zhao Zhou (199) , Changlian Zhu (200) , Wei-Guo Zhu , Xiao-Feng Zhu , Xiongwei Zhu (131) , Yuangang Zhu , Teresa Zoladek (201) , Wei-Xing Zong , Antonio Zorzano (202) , Jürgen Zschocke (203) , Brian Zuckerbraun
1 Molecular and Cellular Biology
2 Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer
3 Department of Pharmacology
4 Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques
5 FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174)
6 Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine
7 Medical Genetics
8 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
9 Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute
10 Signalisation et physiopathologie des cellules épithéliales
11 DIMNP - Dynamique des interactions membranaires normales et pathologiques
12 IBGC - Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires
13 IRIM - Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier
14 Celullar and Molecular Medicine
15 E2SNC / ESTROGENES - Estrogènes, Expression génique et pathologies du Système Nerveux Central - UFC
16 Infection bactérienne, inflammation, et carcinogenèse digestive
17 UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019)
18 Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba]
19 Gunma University
20 Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology
21 Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology
22 Department of Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory
23 LaBRI - Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique
24 Learning Sciences Lab
25 University of California
26 COSS - Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling
27 Emory University School of Medicine
28 U753 - Cytokines et Immunologie des Tumeurs Humaines
29 Biology
30 Oxford University
31 Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
32 UIBC - Interactions Bactéries-Cellules
33 Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology
34 IGF - Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle
35 CNV
36 Section of Haemato-oncology
37 IMN - Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux]
38 Brunel University London [Uxbridge]
39 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
40 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
41 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
42 Dpt. of Cancer & Cell Biology
43 IJM (UMR_7592) - Institut Jacques Monod
44 Virologie humaine
45 IIB-INTECH - Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas [San Martín]
46 I2BC - Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule
47 HERPES - Virulence et Latence des Herpesvirus
48 MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology
49 UniBs - Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia
50 I2V - Immunité infection vaccination
51 Dept of City and Regional Planning
52 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
53 Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital
54 Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences
55 LBD - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement [IBPS]
56 LBD-E03 - C.elegans Hérédité et Développement = C.elegans heredity and development
57 LBD-E03 - C.elegans Hérédité et Développement = C.elegans heredity and development
58 Faculty of Medicine
59 IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1 - Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier
60 ICT - Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques
61 UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg
62 Département Digestif
63 C3M - Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire
64 AIST - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
65 Department of Oncology
66 School of Biochemistry and Immunology
67 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center
68 Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale
69 Department of Biochemistry
70 Danish Cancer Society
71 IBCP - Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
72 MHH - Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology
73 Cancer Research UK London Research Institute
74 Cell Biology, section Radiation & Stress Cell Biology
75 Department of Molecular Genetics
76 Institute of Immunology
77 Institute for Immunology
78 Department of Neuroscience
79 CGPhiMC - Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire
80 CRC (UMR_S 872) - Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
81 U848 - Apoptose, cancer et immunité
82 Plateforme de métabolomique
83 Pôle de biologie
84 UPD5 Médecine - Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine
85 Department of Molecular Neuroscience
86 CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research
87 CVIT - Center for Visual Information Technology [Hyderabad]
88 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
89 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
90 Centre for Cancer Biology
91 INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
92 M2iSH - Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte
93 Facultad de Medicina
94 IGMM - Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier
95 SeRAIC - Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques
96 OTOFAJ - Autophagie et Développement
97 NCKU - National Cheng Kung University
98 Microenvironnement et Physiopathologie de la Differenciation
99 HHMI - Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Chevy Chase]
100 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas]
101 School of Information science and engineering
102 School of computer and information
103 National Neuroscience Institute
104 NUS - National University of Singapore
105 IMFS - Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides
106 INRS-IAF - Institut Armand Frappier
107 Central China Normal University [Wuhan, China]
108 CIBMTR - Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research
109 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
110 LIST (CEA) - Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies
111 Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer
112 JHU - Johns Hopkins University
113 IMB - Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz,
114 Department of Pediatrics
115 Department of Experimental Pharmacology
116 Drug Research and Evaluation
117 Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York]
118 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
119 UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier
120 IBDC - Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer - Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer
121 Departments of Neurology
122 Vanderbilt University [Nashville]
123 Departments of Pharmacology
124 Department of Cell Biology [New Haven]
125 Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Human Pathology and Oncology
126 HMS - Harvard Medical School [Boston]
127 Depts of Radiation Oncology and Pathology
128 USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology
129 Department of Biology [Copenhagen]
130 Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics
131 Department of Pathology
132 UTSA - The University of Texas at San Antonio
133 Institute of Translational Medicine
134 IBC - Institute of Biochemistry
135 Department of Biology
136 GéPITOS - Génétique, physiopathologie et ingénierie du tissu osseux
137 Innovation Thérapeutique : du Fondamental au Médicament
138 Hôpital Antoine Béclère
139 Señalización Celular 4
140 Department of Molecular Biology
141 Department of Neurology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street
142 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street
143 Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University 650 West 168th Street
144 Department of Cell Biology and Morphology
145 CC 101
146 University Medical Center [Utrecht]
147 Service de dermatologie
148 Vieillissement, stress, inflammation
149 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]
150 The Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences
151 DMEM - Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme
152 IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori [Milano]
153 Neurogenetics laboratory
154 Department of Pathology
155 Experimental Tumor Pathology
156 Unit of Oculogenomics
157 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
158 Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin ,
159 Division of regenerative Medicine
160 ICB - Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas
161 Department of pathology
162 Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery
163 Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital and South Western Sydney Clinical School
164 MRC Human Immunology Unit
165 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences
166 UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva
167 Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
168 Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit
169 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
170 Cancer Institute
171 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
172 Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Interdisciplinary Center for Study of inflammation and ER-GenTech
173 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology - Department of Microbiology
174 CMPG - Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics
175 Abramson Cancer Institute and Department of Cancer Biology
176 IMPG - Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes [Rio de Janeiro]
177 Immunité Innée et Signalisation
178 Istituto CSS Mendel [Rome, Italy]
179 Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatrics
180 Department of Intensive care Medicine
181 Department of Cell Biology
182 Department for Molecular Biomedical Research
183 Department of Pediatrics
184 Department of Chemistry
185 Department of Mathematics
186 Sch Mat Sci & Engn
187 IRI - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire [Villeneuve d'Ascq]
188 Nankai University
189 Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
190 Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
191 Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine
192 Institute of Modern Physics
193 Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province
194 ICT - Institute of Computing Technology [Beijing]
195 ESRF - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
196 Plant Physiology Laboratory
197 Division of Biopharmaceutics
198 IMM - The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm]
199 IBBMC - Institut de biochimie et biophysique moléculaire et cellulaire
200 Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation
201 department of genetics - Institute of biochemistry and biophysics
202 Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular
203 Chaperones Research Group
Daniel J Klionsky
  • Function : Author
Fabio C Abdalla
  • Function : Author
Hagai Abeliovich
  • Function : Author
Robert T Abraham
  • Function : Author
Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
  • Function : Author
Khosrow Adeli
  • Function : Author
Lotta Agholme
  • Function : Author
Maria Agnello
  • Function : Author
Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
  • Function : Author
Hyung Jun Ahn
  • Function : Author
Ouardia Ait-Mohamed
  • Function : Author
Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
Takahiko Akematsu
  • Function : Author
Hesham M Al-Younes
  • Function : Author
Munir A Al-Zeer
  • Function : Author
Roger L Albin
  • Function : Author
Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
  • Function : Author
Maria Francesca Aleo
  • Function : Author
Mehrdad Alirezaei
  • Function : Author
Alexandru Almasan
  • Function : Author
Maylin Almonte-Becerril
  • Function : Author
Atsuo Amano
  • Function : Author
Ravi Amaravadi
  • Function : Author
Shoba Amarnath
  • Function : Author
Amal O Amer
  • Function : Author
Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
Vellareddy Anantharam
  • Function : Author
David K Ann
  • Function : Author
Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
  • Function : Author
Hiroshi Aoki
  • Function : Author
Nadezda Apostolova
  • Function : Author
Patrick Auberger
Misuzu Baba
  • Function : Author
Steven K Backues
  • Function : Author
Eric H Baehrecke
  • Function : Author
Ben A Bahr
  • Function : Author
Xue-Yuan Bai
  • Function : Author
Robert Baiocchi
  • Function : Author
Giulia Baldini
  • Function : Author
Walter Balduini
  • Function : Author
Bruce A Bamber
  • Function : Author
Edward T W Bampton
  • Function : Author
Gábor Bánhegyi
  • Function : Author
Clinton R Bartholomew
  • Function : Author
Diane C Bassham
  • Function : Author
Robert C Bast
  • Function : Author
Henri Batoko
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 841564
Boon-Huat Bay
  • Function : Author
Daniel M Béchet
  • Function : Author
Thomas J Begley
  • Function : Author
Christian Behl
  • Function : Author
Christian Behrends
  • Function : Author
Soumeya Bekri
Bryan Bellaire
  • Function : Author
Linda J Bendall
  • Function : Author
Luca Benetti
  • Function : Author
Laura Berliocchi
  • Function : Author
Henri Bernardi
Francesca Bernassola
  • Function : Author
Xiaoning Bi
  • Function : Author
Janice S Blum
  • Function : Author
Lawrence H Boise
  • Function : Author
Paolo Bonaldo
  • Function : Author
David L Boone
  • Function : Author
Beat C Bornhauser
  • Function : Author
Karina R Bortoluci
  • Function : Author
Ioannis Bossis
  • Function : Author
Frédéric Bost
Jean-Pierre Bourquin
  • Function : Author
Peter V Bozhkov
  • Function : Author
Nathan R Brady
  • Function : Author
Claudio Brancolini
  • Function : Author
Andreas Brech
  • Function : Author
Jay E Brenman
  • Function : Author
Ana Brennand
  • Function : Author
Emery H Bresnick
  • Function : Author
Dave Bridges
  • Function : Author
Molly L Bristol
  • Function : Author
Paul S Brookes
  • Function : Author
Eric J Brown
  • Function : Author
John H Brumell
  • Function : Author
Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
  • Function : Author
Ulf T Brunk
  • Function : Author
Dennis E Bulman
  • Function : Author
Scott J Bultman
  • Function : Author
Lena F Burbulla
  • Function : Author
Wilfried Bursch
  • Function : Author
Jonathan P Butchar
  • Function : Author
Wanda Buzgariu
  • Function : Author
Sergio P Bydlowski
  • Function : Author
Ken Cadwell
  • Function : Author
Monika Cahová
  • Function : Author
Jiyang Cai
  • Function : Author
Qian Cai
  • Function : Author
Bruno Calabretta
  • Function : Author
Michelangelo Campanella
Jenny Campos-Salinas
  • Function : Author
Eleonora Candi
  • Function : Author
Lizhi Cao
  • Function : Author
Allan B Caplan
  • Function : Author
Simon R Carding
  • Function : Author
Sandra M Cardoso
  • Function : Author
Jennifer S Carew
  • Function : Author
Cathleen R Carlin
  • Function : Author
Virginie Carmignac
  • Function : Author
Leticia a M Carneiro
  • Function : Author
Serena Carra
Rosario A Caruso
  • Function : Author
Giorgio Casari
Roberta Castino
  • Function : Author
Eduardo Cebollero
  • Function : Author
Jean Celli
Hassan Chaachouay
  • Function : Author
Han-Jung Chae
  • Function : Author
Chee-Yin Chai
  • Function : Author
David C Chan
  • Function : Author
Edmond y Chan
  • Function : Author
Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
  • Function : Author
Ching-Chow Chen
  • Function : Author
Guang-Chao Chen
  • Function : Author
Guo-Qiang Chen
  • Function : Author
Min Chen
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 755831
  • IdRef : 135605172
Quan Chen
  • Function : Author
Steve S-L Chen
  • Function : Author
Wenli Chen
  • Function : Author
Xi Chen
Xiangmei Chen
  • Function : Author
Xiequn Chen
  • Function : Author
Ye-Guang Chen
  • Function : Author
Yingyu Chen
  • Function : Author
Yongqiang Chen
  • Function : Author
Yu-Jen Chen
  • Function : Author
Zhixiang Chen
  • Function : Author
Alan Cheng
  • Function : Author
Christopher H K Cheng
  • Function : Author
Yan Cheng
  • Function : Author
Heesun Cheong
  • Function : Author
Jae-Ho Cheong
  • Function : Author
Sara Cherry
  • Function : Author
Russ Chess-Williams
  • Function : Author
Zelda H Cheung
  • Function : Author
Eric Chevet
Hui-Ling Chiang
  • Function : Author
Roberto Chiarelli
  • Function : Author
Tomoki Chiba
  • Function : Author
Shih-Hwa Chiou
  • Function : Author
Francis V Chisari
  • Function : Author
Chi Hin Cho
  • Function : Author
Dong-Hyung Cho
  • Function : Author
Augustine M K Choi
  • Function : Author
Dooseok Choi
  • Function : Author
Kyeong Sook Choi
  • Function : Author
Mary E Choi
  • Function : Author
Divaker Choubey
  • Function : Author
Vinay Choubey
  • Function : Author
Charleen T Chu
  • Function : Author
Tsung-Hsien Chuang
  • Function : Author
Sheau-Huei Chueh
  • Function : Author
Taehoon Chun
  • Function : Author
Yong-Joon Chwae
  • Function : Author
Mee-Len Chye
  • Function : Author
Roberto Ciarcia
  • Function : Author
Maria R Ciriolo
  • Function : Author
Michael J Clague
  • Function : Author
Robert S B Clark
  • Function : Author
Peter G H Clarke
  • Function : Author
Robert Clarke
  • Function : Author
Hilary A Coller
  • Function : Author
María I Colombo
  • Function : Author
Sergio Comincini
  • Function : Author
Maria Condello
  • Function : Author
Fabrizio Condorelli
  • Function : Author
Mark R Cookson
  • Function : Author
Isabelle Coppens
  • Function : Author
Ramon Corbalan
  • Function : Author
Pascale Cossart
Safia Costes
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 1082458
Ana Coto-Montes
  • Function : Author
Eduardo Couve
  • Function : Author
CNV
Fraser P Coxon
  • Function : Author
James M Cregg
  • Function : Author
José L Crespo
  • Function : Author
Marianne J Cronjé
  • Function : Author
Ana Maria Cuervo
  • Function : Author
Joseph J Cullen
  • Function : Author
Mark J Czaja
  • Function : Author
Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
  • Function : Author
Lester M Davids
  • Function : Author
Massimo de Felici
  • Function : Author
John F de Groot
  • Function : Author
Cornelis a M de Haan
  • Function : Author
Luisa de Martino
  • Function : Author
Angelo de Milito
  • Function : Author
Vincenzo de Tata
  • Function : Author
Jayanta Debnath
  • Function : Author
Alexei Degterev
  • Function : Author
Lea M D Delbridge
  • Function : Author
Francesca Demarchi
  • Function : Author
Yi Zhen Deng
  • Function : Author
Jörn Dengjel
  • Function : Author
Donna Denton
  • Function : Author
Shyamal D Desai
  • Function : Author
Rodney J Devenish
  • Function : Author
Mario Di Gioacchino
  • Function : Author
Gilbert Di Paolo
  • Function : Author
Chiara Di Pietro
  • Function : Author
Javier Diaz-Nido
  • Function : Author
Ivan Dikic
Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
  • Function : Author
Wen-Xing Ding
  • Function : Author
Clark W Distelhorst
  • Function : Author
Abhinav Diwan
  • Function : Author
Svetlana Dokudovskaya
Zheng Dong
  • Function : Author
Frank C Dorsey
  • Function : Author
Victor Dosenko
  • Function : Author
James J Dowling
  • Function : Author
Stephen Doxsey
  • Function : Author
Marlène Dreux
Mark E Drew
  • Function : Author
Qiuhong Duan
  • Function : Author
Michel A Duchosal
  • Function : Author
Karen Duff
  • Function : Author
Isabelle Dugail
  • Function : Author
Madeleine Durbeej
  • Function : Author
Michael Duszenko
  • Function : Author
Charles L Edelstein
  • Function : Author
Aimee L Edinger
  • Function : Author
Gustavo Egea
  • Function : Author
Ludwig Eichinger
  • Function : Author
N Tony Eissa
  • Function : Author
Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
  • Function : Author
Wafik S El-Deiry
  • Function : Author
Zvulun Elazar
  • Function : Author
Mohamed Elgendy
  • Function : Author
Lisa M Ellerby
  • Function : Author
Kai Er Eng
  • Function : Author
Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
  • Function : Author
Simone Engelender
  • Function : Author
Jekaterina Erenpreisa
  • Function : Author
Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
Virginia Espina
  • Function : Author
Huizhou Fan
  • Function : Author
Jia Fan
  • Function : Author
Qi-Wen Fan
  • Function : Author
Zhen Fan
  • Function : Author
Shengyun Fang
  • Function : Author
Yongqi Fang
  • Function : Author
Thomas Farkas
  • Function : Author
Jean-Claude Farré
  • Function : Author
Marcus Fechheimer
  • Function : Author
Carl G Feng
  • Function : Author
Qili Feng
  • Function : Author
Youji Feng
  • Function : Author
Ralph Feuer
  • Function : Author
Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira
  • Function : Author
Diane C Fingar
  • Function : Author
Steven Finkbeiner
  • Function : Author
Toren Finkel
  • Function : Author
Kim D Finley
  • Function : Author
Filomena Fiorito
  • Function : Author
Edward A Fisher
  • Function : Author
Paul B Fisher
  • Function : Author
Marc Flajolet
  • Function : Author
Maria L Florez-Mcclure
  • Function : Author
Salvatore Florio
  • Function : Author
Francesco Fornai
  • Function : Author
Franco Fortunato
  • Function : Author
Rati Fotedar
  • Function : Author
Daniel H Fowler
  • Function : Author
Howard S Fox
  • Function : Author
Rodrigo Franco
  • Function : Author
Lisa B Frankel
  • Function : Author
Marc Fransen
  • Function : Author
José M Fuentes
  • Function : Author
Juan Fueyo
  • Function : Author
Jun Fujii
Kozo Fujisaki
  • Function : Author
Eriko Fujita
  • Function : Author
Ruth H Furukawa
  • Function : Author
Matthias Gaestel
  • Function : Author
Philippe Gailly
  • Function : Author
Malgorzata Gajewska
  • Function : Author
Brigitte Galliot
  • Function : Author
Subramaniam Ganesh
  • Function : Author
Barry Ganetzky
  • Function : Author
Ian G Ganley
  • Function : Author
Fen-Biao Gao
  • Function : Author
George F Gao
  • Function : Author
Jinming Gao
  • Function : Author
Lorena Garcia
  • Function : Author
Guillermo Garcia-Manero
  • Function : Author
Mikel Garcia-Marcos
  • Function : Author
Marjan Garmyn
  • Function : Author
Andrei L Gartel
  • Function : Author
Evelina Gatti
Mathias Gautel
  • Function : Author
Thomas R Gawriluk
  • Function : Author
Matthew E Gegg
  • Function : Author
Jiefei Geng
  • Function : Author
Marc Germain
  • Function : Author
Jason E Gestwicki
  • Function : Author
David A Gewirtz
  • Function : Author
Saeid Ghavami
  • Function : Author
Pradipta Ghosh
  • Function : Author
Anna M Giammarioli
  • Function : Author
Alexandra N Giatromanolaki
  • Function : Author
Spencer B Gibson
  • Function : Author
Robert W Gilkerson
  • Function : Author
Michael L Ginger
  • Function : Author
Ebru Goncu
  • Function : Author
Claudio D Gonzalez
  • Function : Author
Ramon Gonzalez
  • Function : Author
Cristina González-Estévez
  • Function : Author
Rosa Ana González-Polo
  • Function : Author
Elena Gonzalez-Rey
  • Function : Author
Nikolai V Gorbunov
  • Function : Author
Sharon Gorski
  • Function : Author
Sandro Goruppi
  • Function : Author
Roberta A Gottlieb
  • Function : Author
Devrim Gozuacik
  • Function : Author
Giovanna Elvira Granato
  • Function : Author
Gary D Grant
  • Function : Author
Kim N Green
  • Function : Author
Aleš Gregorc
Charles Grose
  • Function : Author
Thomas W Grunt
  • Function : Author
Jun-Lin Guan
  • Function : Author
Kun-Liang Guan
  • Function : Author
Sylvie M Guichard
  • Function : Author
Anna S Gukovskaya
  • Function : Author
Ilya Gukovsky
  • Function : Author
Jan Gunst
  • Function : Author
Asa B Gustafsson
  • Function : Author
Andrew J Halayko
  • Function : Author
Amber N Hale
  • Function : Author
Sandra K Halonen
  • Function : Author
Maho Hamasaki
  • Function : Author
Feng Han
  • Function : Author
Ting Han
  • Function : Author
Michael K Hancock
  • Function : Author
Malene Hansen
  • Function : Author
Hisashi Harada
  • Function : Author
Stefan E Hardt
  • Function : Author
J Wade Harper
  • Function : Author
Steven D Harris
  • Function : Author
Marie-Joseé Hébert
  • Function : Author
Kim A Heidenreich
  • Function : Author
Miep H Helfrich
  • Function : Author
Gudmundur V Helgason
  • Function : Author
Elizabeth P Henske
  • Function : Author
Paul K Herman
  • Function : Author
Claudio Hetz
  • Function : Author
Sabine Hilfiker
  • Function : Author
Joseph A Hill
  • Function : Author
Lynne J Hocking
  • Function : Author
Thomas G Hofmann
  • Function : Author
Jörg Höhfeld
  • Function : Author
Tessa L Holyoake
  • Function : Author
Ming-Huang Hong
  • Function : Author
David A Hood
  • Function : Author
Gökhan S Hotamisligil
  • Function : Author
Ewout J Houwerzijl
  • Function : Author
Maria Høyer-Hansen
  • Function : Author
Bingren Hu
  • Function : Author
Chien-an A Hu
  • Function : Author
Hong-Ming Hu
  • Function : Author
Ya Hua
  • Function : Author
Canhua Huang
  • Function : Author
Ju Huang
  • Function : Author
Shengbing Huang
  • Function : Author
Wei-Pang Huang
  • Function : Author
Tobias B Huber
  • Function : Author
Won-Ki Huh
  • Function : Author
Tai-Ho Hung
  • Function : Author
Ted R Hupp
  • Function : Author
Gang Min Hur
  • Function : Author
James B Hurley
  • Function : Author
Sabah N A Hussain
  • Function : Author
Patrick J Hussey
  • Function : Author
Jung Jin Hwang
  • Function : Author
Seungmin Hwang
  • Function : Author
Atsuhiro Ichihara
  • Function : Author
Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
  • Function : Author
Ken Inoki
  • Function : Author
Takeshi Into
  • Function : Author
Valentina Iovane
  • Function : Author
Juan L Iovanna
  • Function : Author
Yoshitaka Isaka
  • Function : Author
Hiroyuki Ishida
  • Function : Author
Ciro Isidoro
  • Function : Author
Ken-Ichi Isobe
  • Function : Author
Akiko Iwasaki
Marta Izquierdo
  • Function : Author
Yotaro Izumi
  • Function : Author
Panu M Jaakkola
  • Function : Author
George R Jackson
  • Function : Author
William T Jackson
  • Function : Author
Marina Jendrach
  • Function : Author
Ju-Hong Jeon
  • Function : Author
Eui-Bae Jeung
  • Function : Author
Hongchi Jiang
  • Function : Author
Jean X Jiang
  • Function : Author
Qing Jiang
  • Function : Author
Xuejun Jiang
  • Function : Author
Alberto Jiménez
  • Function : Author
Meiyan Jin
  • Function : Author
Shengkan Jin
  • Function : Author
Cheol O Joe
  • Function : Author
Terje Johansen
  • Function : Author
Daniel E Johnson
  • Function : Author
Gail V W Johnson
  • Function : Author
Nicola L Jones
  • Function : Author
Bertrand Joseph
  • Function : Author
Suresh K Joseph
  • Function : Author
Annie M Joubert
  • Function : Author
Gábor Juhász
  • Function : Author
Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
  • Function : Author
Chang Hwa Jung
  • Function : Author
Yong-Keun Jung
  • Function : Author
Kai Kaarniranta
  • Function : Author
Allen Kaasik
  • Function : Author
Tomohiro Kabuta
  • Function : Author
Motoni Kadowaki
  • Function : Author
Katarina Kagedal
  • Function : Author
Yoshiaki Kamada
  • Function : Author
Vitaliy O Kaminskyy
  • Function : Author
Hiromitsu Kanamori
  • Function : Author
Chanhee Kang
  • Function : Author
Khong Bee Kang
  • Function : Author
Kwang Il Kang
  • Function : Author
Rui Kang
  • Function : Author
Yoon-A Kang
  • Function : Author
Tomotake Kanki
  • Function : Author
Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
  • Function : Author
Haruo Kanno
  • Function : Author
Anumantha G Kanthasamy
  • Function : Author
Arthi Kanthasamy
  • Function : Author
Vassiliki Karantza
  • Function : Author
Gur P Kaushal
  • Function : Author
Susmita Kaushik
  • Function : Author
Yoshinori Kawazoe
  • Function : Author
Po-Yuan Ke
  • Function : Author
John H Kehrl
  • Function : Author
Ameeta Kelekar
  • Function : Author
Claus Kerkhoff
  • Function : Author
David H Kessel
  • Function : Author
Hany Khalil
  • Function : Author
Jan a K W Kiel
  • Function : Author
Amy A Kiger
  • Function : Author
Akio Kihara
  • Function : Author
Deok Ryong Kim
  • Function : Author
Do-Hyung Kim
  • Function : Author
Dong-Hou Kim
  • Function : Author
Eun-Kyoung Kim
  • Function : Author
Hyung-Ryong Kim
  • Function : Author
Jae-Sung Kim
  • Function : Author
Jeong Hun Kim
  • Function : Author
Jin Cheon Kim
  • Function : Author
John K Kim
  • Function : Author
Peter K Kim
  • Function : Author
Seong Who Kim
  • Function : Author
Yong-Sun Kim
  • Function : Author
Yonghyun Kim
  • Function : Author
Alec C Kimmelman
  • Function : Author
Jason S King
  • Function : Author
Timothy J Kinsella
  • Function : Author
Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
  • Function : Author
Katsuhiko Kitamoto
  • Function : Author
Kaio Kitazato
  • Function : Author
Walter T Klimecki
  • Function : Author
Jochen Klucken
  • Function : Author
Erwin Knecht
  • Function : Author
Ben C B Ko
  • Function : Author
Jan C Koch
  • Function : Author
Hiroshi Koga
  • Function : Author
Jae-Young Koh
  • Function : Author
Young Ho Koh
  • Function : Author
Masato Koike
  • Function : Author
Masaaki Komatsu
  • Function : Author
Eiki Kominami
  • Function : Author
Hee Jeong Kong
  • Function : Author
Wei-Jia Kong
  • Function : Author
Viktor I Korolchuk
  • Function : Author
Yaichiro Kotake
  • Function : Author
Michael I Koukourakis
  • Function : Author
Juan B Kouri Flores
  • Function : Author
Attila L Kovács
  • Function : Author
Claudine Kraft
  • Function : Author
Dimitri Krainc
  • Function : Author
Anna M Krichevsky
  • Function : Author
Oleg Krut
  • Function : Author
Nicholas T Ktistakis
  • Function : Author
Chia-Yi Kuan
  • Function : Author
Raj Kumar
  • Function : Author
Mondira Kundu
  • Function : Author
Hsing-Jien Kung
  • Function : Author
Tino Kurz
  • Function : Author
Ho Jeong Kwon
  • Function : Author
Albert R La Spada
  • Function : Author
Frank Lafont
Trond Lamark
  • Function : Author
Jacques Landry
  • Function : Author
Jon D Lane
  • Function : Author
Jocelyn F Laporte
Lajos László
  • Function : Author
Josée N Lavoie
  • Function : Author
Robert Layfield
  • Function : Author
Pedro A Lazo
  • Function : Author
Weidong Le
  • Function : Author
Daniel J Ledbetter
  • Function : Author
Alvin J X Lee
  • Function : Author
Byung-Wan Lee
  • Function : Author
Gyun Min Lee
  • Function : Author
Jongdae Lee
  • Function : Author
Ju-Hyun Lee
  • Function : Author
Michael Lee
  • Function : Author
Myung-Shik Lee
  • Function : Author
Sug Hyung Lee
  • Function : Author
Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
  • Function : Author
Michael Lehmann
  • Function : Author
Qun-Ying Lei
  • Function : Author
David A Leib
  • Function : Author
José Leiro
  • Function : Author
John J Lemasters
  • Function : Author
Maciej S Lesniak
  • Function : Author
Dina Lev
  • Function : Author
Victor V Levenson
  • Function : Author
Efrat Levy
  • Function : Author
Faqiang Li
  • Function : Author
Jun-Lin Li
  • Function : Author
Sheng Li
  • Function : Author
Weijie Li
  • Function : Author
Xue-Jun Li
  • Function : Author
Yan-Bo Li
  • Function : Author
Yi-Ping Li
  • Function : Author
Chengyu Liang
  • Function : Author
Qiangrong Liang
  • Function : Author
Yung-Feng Liao
  • Function : Author
Pawel P Liberski
  • Function : Author
Andrew Lieberman
  • Function : Author
Hyunjung J Lim
  • Function : Author
Kyu Lim
  • Function : Author
Chiou-Feng Lin
  • Function : Author
Fu-Cheng Lin
  • Function : Author
Jiandie D Lin
  • Function : Author
Kui Lin
  • Function : Author
Wan-Wan Lin
  • Function : Author
Weei-Chin Lin
  • Function : Author
Yi-Ling Lin
  • Function : Author
Rafael Linden
  • Function : Author
Paul Lingor
  • Function : Author
Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
  • Function : Author
Michael P Lisanti
  • Function : Author
Paloma B Liton
  • Function : Author
Bo Liu
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 761745
  • IdRef : 180847422
Chun-Feng Liu
  • Function : Author
Leyuan Liu
  • Function : Author
Qiong A Liu
  • Function : Author
Wei Liu
Young-Chau Liu
  • Function : Author
Yule Liu
  • Function : Author
Richard A Lockshin
  • Function : Author
Chun-Nam Lok
  • Function : Author
Benjamin Loos
  • Function : Author
Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
  • Function : Author
Laura Lossi
  • Function : Author
Michael T Lotze
  • Function : Author
Peter Lőw
  • Function : Author
Binfeng Lu
  • Function : Author
Bingwei Lu
  • Function : Author
Zhen Lu
  • Function : Author
Nicholas W Lukacs
  • Function : Author
Anders H Lund
  • Function : Author
Melinda A Lynch-Day
  • Function : Author
Yong Ma
  • Function : Author
Fernando Macian
  • Function : Author
Jeff P Mackeigan
  • Function : Author
Kay F Macleod
  • Function : Author
Davide Malagoli
  • Function : Author
May Christine V Malicdan
  • Function : Author
Na Man
  • Function : Author
Eva-Maria Mandelkow
  • Function : Author
Irena Manov
  • Function : Author
Kai Mao
  • Function : Author
Xiang Mao
  • Function : Author
Zixu Mao
  • Function : Author
Daniela Marazziti
  • Function : Author
Yves L Marcel
  • Function : Author
Katie Marchbank
  • Function : Author
Piero Marchetti
  • Function : Author
Stefan J Marciniak
  • Function : Author
Mateus Marcondes
  • Function : Author
Mohsen Mardi
  • Function : Author
Gabriella Marfe
  • Function : Author
Mark R Marten
  • Function : Author
Seamus J Martin
  • Function : Author
Wim Martinet
  • Function : Author
Marta Martinez-Vicente
  • Function : Author
Matilde Masini
  • Function : Author
Paola Matarrese
  • Function : Author
Saburo Matsuo
  • Function : Author
Raffaele Matteoni
  • Function : Author
Andreas Mayer
  • Function : Author
David J Mcconkey
  • Function : Author
Melanie J Mcconnell
  • Function : Author
Catherine Mcdermott
  • Function : Author
Christine Mcdonald
  • Function : Author
Gerald M Mcinerney
  • Function : Author
Sharon L Mckenna
  • Function : Author
Pamela J Mclean
  • Function : Author
Christopher R Mcmaster
  • Function : Author
G Angus Mcquibban
  • Function : Author
Alfred J Meijer
  • Function : Author
Miriam H Meisler
  • Function : Author
Alicia Meléndez
  • Function : Author
Gerry Melino
  • Function : Author
Maria A Mena
  • Function : Author
Javier A Menendez
  • Function : Author
Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
  • Function : Author
Manoj B Menon
  • Function : Author
Fiona M Menzies
  • Function : Author
Carol A Mercer
  • Function : Author
Adalberto Merighi
  • Function : Author
Diane E Merry
  • Function : Author
Stefania Meschini
  • Function : Author
Christian G Meyer
  • Function : Author
Thomas F Meyer
  • Function : Author
Chao-Yu Miao
  • Function : Author
Jun-Ying Miao
  • Function : Author
Paul a M Michels
  • Function : Author
Carine Michiels
Dalibor Mijaljica
  • Function : Author
Ana Milojkovic
  • Function : Author
Saverio Minucci
  • Function : Author
Cindy K Miranti
  • Function : Author
Ioannis Mitroulis
  • Function : Author
Keisuke Miyazawa
  • Function : Author
Noboru Mizushima
  • Function : Author
Simin Mohseni
  • Function : Author
Xavier Molero
  • Function : Author
Bertrand Mollereau
  • Function : Author
Faustino Mollinedo
  • Function : Author
Takashi Momoi
  • Function : Author
Iryna Monastyrska
  • Function : Author
Martha M Monick
  • Function : Author
Mervyn J Monteiro
  • Function : Author
Michael N Moore
  • Function : Author
Rodrigo Mora
  • Function : Author
Kevin Moreau
  • Function : Author
Paula I Moreira
  • Function : Author
Yuji Moriyasu
  • Function : Author
Serge Mostowy
Jeremy C Mottram
  • Function : Author
Tomasz Motyl
  • Function : Author
Charbel E-H Moussa
  • Function : Author
Sylke Müller
  • Function : Author
Christian Münz
Leon O Murphy
  • Function : Author
Maureen E Murphy
  • Function : Author
Antonio Musarò
  • Function : Author
Indira Mysorekar
  • Function : Author
Eiichiro Nagata
  • Function : Author
Kazuhiro Nagata
  • Function : Author
Aimable Nahimana
  • Function : Author
Usha Nair
  • Function : Author
Toshiyuki Nakagawa
  • Function : Author
Kiichi Nakahira
  • Function : Author
Hiroyasu Nakano
  • Function : Author
Hitoshi Nakatogawa
  • Function : Author
Meera Nanjundan
  • Function : Author
Naweed I Naqvi
  • Function : Author
Derek P Narendra
  • Function : Author
Masashi Narita
  • Function : Author
Miguel Navarro
  • Function : Author
Steffan T Nawrocki
  • Function : Author
Taras y Nazarko
  • Function : Author
Andriy Nemchenko
  • Function : Author
Mihai G Netea
  • Function : Author
Thomas P Neufeld
  • Function : Author
Paul A Ney
  • Function : Author
Ioannis P Nezis
  • Function : Author
Huu Phuc Nguyen
  • Function : Author
Ichizo Nishino
  • Function : Author
Corey Nislow
  • Function : Author
Ralph A Nixon
  • Function : Author
Takeshi Noda
  • Function : Author
Angelika A Noegel
  • Function : Author
Satoru Noguchi
  • Function : Author
Lucia Notterpek
  • Function : Author
Tomoyoshi Nozaki
  • Function : Author
Nobuyuki Nukina
  • Function : Author
Thorsten Nürnberger
  • Function : Author
Beat Nyfeler
  • Function : Author
Keisuke Obara
  • Function : Author
Terry D Oberley
  • Function : Author
Salvatore Oddo
  • Function : Author
Michinaga Ogawa
  • Function : Author
Toya Ohashi
  • Function : Author
Koji Okamoto
  • Function : Author
Nancy L Oleinick
  • Function : Author
F Javier Oliver
  • Function : Author
Laura J Olsen
  • Function : Author
Stefan Olsson
  • Function : Author
Onya Opota
  • Function : Author
Timothy F Osborne
  • Function : Author
Gary K Ostrander
  • Function : Author
Kinya Otsu
  • Function : Author
Jing-Hsiung James Ou
  • Function : Author
Mireille Ouimet
  • Function : Author
Michael Overholtzer
  • Function : Author
Bulent Ozpolat
  • Function : Author
Paolo Paganetti
Ugo Pagnini
  • Function : Author
Nicolas Pallet
Glen E Palmer
  • Function : Author
Camilla Palumbo
  • Function : Author
Tianhong Pan
  • Function : Author
Theocharis Panaretakis
  • Function : Author
Udai Bhan Pandey
  • Function : Author
Zuzana Papackova
  • Function : Author
Irmgard Paris
  • Function : Author
Junsoo Park
  • Function : Author
Ohkmae K Park
  • Function : Author
Katherine R Parzych
  • Function : Author
Susann Patschan
  • Function : Author
Cam Patterson
  • Function : Author
John M Pawelek
  • Function : Author
Jianxin Peng
  • Function : Author
David H Perlmutter
  • Function : Author
Ida Perrotta
  • Function : Author
Godefridus J Peters
  • Function : Author
Morten Petersen
  • Function : Author
Goran Petrovski
  • Function : Author
James M Phang
  • Function : Author
Mauro Piacentini
Philippe Pierre
Gérard Pierron
  • Function : Author
Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
  • Function : Author
Antonio Piras
  • Function : Author
Natik Piri
  • Function : Author
Leonidas C Platanias
  • Function : Author
Stefanie Pöggeler
  • Function : Author
Marc Poirot
  • Function : Author
Angelo Poletti
  • Function : Author
Mette Prætorius-Ibba
  • Function : Author
Anil Prasad
  • Function : Author
Mark Prescott
  • Function : Author
Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen
  • Function : Author
Ann Progulske-Fox
  • Function : Author
Karin Przyklenk
  • Function : Author
Rosa Puertollano
  • Function : Author
Shu-Bing Qian
  • Function : Author
Liang Qin
  • Function : Author
Zheng-Hong Qin
  • Function : Author
Susan E Quaggin
  • Function : Author
Nina Raben
  • Function : Author
Hannah Rabinowich
  • Function : Author
Simon W Rabkin
  • Function : Author
Irfan Rahman
  • Function : Author
Abdelhaq Rami
  • Function : Author
Georg Ramm
Glenn Randall
  • Function : Author
Felix Randow
  • Function : Author
V Ashutosh Rao
  • Function : Author
Jeffrey C Rathmell
  • Function : Author
Brinda Ravikumar
  • Function : Author
Swapan K Ray
  • Function : Author
Bruce H Reed
  • Function : Author
John C Reed
  • Function : Author
Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
  • Function : Author
Andreas S Reichert
  • Function : Author
John J Reiners
  • Function : Author
Russel J Reiter
  • Function : Author
Jun Ren
  • Function : Author
José L Revuelta
  • Function : Author
Christopher J Rhodes
  • Function : Author
Konstantinos Ritis
  • Function : Author
Elizete Rizzo
  • Function : Author
Jeffrey Robbins
  • Function : Author
Michel Roberge
  • Function : Author
Hernan Roca
  • Function : Author
Maria C Roccheri
  • Function : Author
H Peter Rodemann
  • Function : Author
Bärbel Rohrer
  • Function : Author
Igor B Roninson
  • Function : Author
Kirill Rosen
  • Function : Author
Magdalena M Rost-Roszkowska
  • Function : Author
Kasper M A Rouschop
  • Function : Author
Francesca Rovetta
  • Function : Author
Brian P Rubin
  • Function : Author
Klaus Ruckdeschel
  • Function : Author
Edmund B Rucker
  • Function : Author
Assaf Rudich
  • Function : Author
Emil Rudolf
  • Function : Author
Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
  • Function : Author
Rossella Russo
  • Function : Author
Tor Erik Rusten
  • Function : Author
Stefan W Ryter
  • Function : Author
David M Sabatini
  • Function : Author
Junichi Sadoshima
  • Function : Author
Tapas Saha
  • Function : Author
Tatsuya Saitoh
  • Function : Author
Hiroshi Sakagami
  • Function : Author
Yasuyoshi Sakai
  • Function : Author
Ghasem Hoseini Salekdeh
  • Function : Author
Paolo Salomoni
  • Function : Author
Paul M Salvaterra
  • Function : Author
Guy Salvesen
  • Function : Author
Rosa Salvioli
  • Function : Author
José A Sánchez-Alcázar
  • Function : Author
Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
  • Function : Author
Uma Sankar
  • Function : Author
Poonam Sansanwal
  • Function : Author
Laura Santambrogio
  • Function : Author
Shweta Saran
  • Function : Author
Sovan Sarkar
  • Function : Author
Minnie Sarwal
  • Function : Author
Chihiro Sasakawa
  • Function : Author
Ausra Sasnauskiene
  • Function : Author
Miklós Sass
  • Function : Author
Ken Sato
  • Function : Author
Miyuki Sato
  • Function : Author
Anthony H V Schapira
  • Function : Author
Michael Scharl
  • Function : Author
Hermann M Schätzl
  • Function : Author
Stefano Schiaffino
  • Function : Author
Claudio Schneider
  • Function : Author
Marion E Schneider
  • Function : Author
Patricia V Schoenlein
  • Function : Author
Christoph Schüller
  • Function : Author
Gary K Schwartz
  • Function : Author
Linda Sealy
  • Function : Author
Per O Seglen
  • Function : Author
Iban Seiliez
Oleksandr Seleverstov
  • Function : Author
Christian Sell
  • Function : Author
Jong Bok Seo
  • Function : Author
Duska Separovic
  • Function : Author
Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
  • Function : Author
Takao Setoguchi
  • Function : Author
Carmine Settembre
  • Function : Author
John J Shacka
  • Function : Author
Mala Shanmugam
  • Function : Author
Irving M Shapiro
  • Function : Author
Eitan Shaulian
  • Function : Author
Reuben J Shaw
  • Function : Author
James H Shelhamer
  • Function : Author
Han-Ming Shen
  • Function : Author
Wei-Chiang Shen
  • Function : Author
Zu-Hang Sheng
  • Function : Author
Yang Shi
  • Function : Author
Kenichi Shibuya
  • Function : Author
Yoshihiro Shidoji
  • Function : Author
Jeng-Jer Shieh
  • Function : Author
Chwen-Ming Shih
  • Function : Author
Yohta Shimada
  • Function : Author
Shigeomi Shimizu
  • Function : Author
Takahiro Shintani
  • Function : Author
Orian S Shirihai
  • Function : Author
Gordon C Shore
  • Function : Author
Andriy A Sibirny
  • Function : Author
Beata Sikorska
  • Function : Author
Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
  • Function : Author
Anna Katharina Simon
  • Function : Author
Cristiano Simone
  • Function : Author
Anne Simonsen
  • Function : Author
David A Sinclair
  • Function : Author
Rajat Singh
  • Function : Author
Debasish Sinha
  • Function : Author
Frank A Sinicrope
  • Function : Author
Agnieszka Sirko
  • Function : Author
Parco M Siu
  • Function : Author
Efthimios Sivridis
  • Function : Author
Vojtech Skop
  • Function : Author
Vladimir P Skulachev
  • Function : Author
Ruth S Slack
  • Function : Author
Soraya S Smaili
  • Function : Author
Duncan R Smith
  • Function : Author
Maria S Soengas
  • Function : Author
Xueqin Song
  • Function : Author
Anil K Sood
  • Function : Author
Tuck Wah Soong
  • Function : Author
Stephen A Spector
  • Function : Author
Claudia D Spies
  • Function : Author
Wolfdieter Springer
  • Function : Author
Srinivasa M Srinivasula
  • Function : Author
Leonidas Stefanis
  • Function : Author
Joan S Steffan
  • Function : Author
Ruediger Stendel
  • Function : Author
Harald Stenmark
  • Function : Author
Anastasis Stephanou
  • Function : Author
Stephan T Stern
  • Function : Author
Cinthya Sternberg
  • Function : Author
Björn Stork
  • Function : Author
Carlos S Subauste
  • Function : Author
Xinbing Sui
  • Function : Author
David Sulzer
  • Function : Author
Jiaren Sun
  • Function : Author
Shi-Yong Sun
  • Function : Author
Zhi-Jun Sun
  • Function : Author
Joseph J y Sung
  • Function : Author
Kuninori Suzuki
  • Function : Author
Toshihiko Suzuki
  • Function : Author
Michele S Swanson
  • Function : Author
Lai-King Sy
  • Function : Author
Ira Tabas
  • Function : Author
Heinrich Taegtmeyer
  • Function : Author
Marco Tafani
  • Function : Author
Krisztina Takács-Vellai
  • Function : Author
Yoshitaka Takano
  • Function : Author
Kaoru Takegawa
  • Function : Author
Genzou Takemura
  • Function : Author
Fumihiko Takeshita
  • Function : Author
Nicholas J Talbot
  • Function : Author
Keiji Tanaka
  • Function : Author
Kozo Tanaka
  • Function : Author
Daolin Tang
Dingzhong Tang
  • Function : Author
Isei Tanida
  • Function : Author
Bakhos A Tannous
  • Function : Author
Graham S Taylor
  • Function : Author
Gregory A Taylor
  • Function : Author
J Paul Taylor
  • Function : Author
Lance S Terada
  • Function : Author
Alexei Terman
  • Function : Author
Gianluca Tettamanti
  • Function : Author
Karin Thevissen
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 863483
Andrew Thorburn
  • Function : Author
Michael Thumm
  • Function : Author
Fengfeng Tian
  • Function : Author
Yuan Tian
  • Function : Author
Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
  • Function : Author
Aviva M Tolkovsky
  • Function : Author
Yasuhiko Tomino
  • Function : Author
Lars Tönges
  • Function : Author
Sharon A Tooze
  • Function : Author
Cathy Tournier
  • Function : Author
John Tower
  • Function : Author
Roberto Towns
  • Function : Author
Vladimir Trajkovic
  • Function : Author
Ting-Fen Tsai
  • Function : Author
Mario P Tschan
  • Function : Author
Takeshi Tsubata
  • Function : Author
Allan Tsung
  • Function : Author
Boris Turk
  • Function : Author
Lorianne S Turner
  • Function : Author
Suresh C Tyagi
  • Function : Author
Yasuo Uchiyama
  • Function : Author
Takashi Ueno
  • Function : Author
Midori Umekawa
  • Function : Author
Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
  • Function : Author
Vivek K Unni
  • Function : Author
Maria I Vaccaro
  • Function : Author
Ida J van Der Klei
  • Function : Author
Wouter van Doorn
  • Function : Author
Linda F van Dyk
  • Function : Author
Marjolein van Egmond
  • Function : Author
Wim P Vandenberghe
  • Function : Author
Ilse Vanhorebeek
  • Function : Author
Eva C Vaquero
  • Function : Author
Tibor Vellai
  • Function : Author
Richard D Vierstra
  • Function : Author
Miquel Vila
  • Function : Author
Cécile Vindis
  • Function : Author
Maria Teresa Viscomi
  • Function : Author
Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
  • Function : Author
Clarissa von Haefen
  • Function : Author
Marcela Votruba
  • Function : Author
Keiji Wada
  • Function : Author
Richard Wade-Martins
  • Function : Author
Cheryl L Walker
  • Function : Author
Craig M Walsh
  • Function : Author
Jochen Walter
  • Function : Author
Xiang-Bo Wan
  • Function : Author
Aimin Wang
  • Function : Author
Dawei Wang
  • Function : Author
Fan Wang
  • Function : Author
Fen Wang
Guanghui Wang
  • Function : Author
Haichao Wang
  • Function : Author
Hong-Gang Wang
  • Function : Author
Horng-Dar Wang
  • Function : Author
Jin Wang
  • Function : Author
Ke Wang
Richard C Wang
  • Function : Author
Xuejun Wang
  • Function : Author
Ying-Jan Wang
  • Function : Author
Yipeng Wang
  • Function : Author
Zhen Wang
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 766969
  • IdRef : 192906518
Zhigang Charles Wang
  • Function : Author
Zhinong Wang
  • Function : Author
Derick G Wansink
  • Function : Author
Diane M Ward
  • Function : Author
Hirotaka Watada
  • Function : Author
Sarah L Waters
  • Function : Author
Paul Webster
  • Function : Author
Lixin Wei
  • Function : Author
Conrad C Weihl
  • Function : Author
William A Weiss
  • Function : Author
Scott M Welford
  • Function : Author
Long-Ping Wen
  • Function : Author
Caroline A Whitehouse
  • Function : Author
J Lindsay Whitton
  • Function : Author
Alexander J Whitworth
  • Function : Author
Tom Wileman
  • Function : Author
John W Wiley
  • Function : Author
Simon Wilkinson
  • Function : Author
Dieter Willbold
Roger L Williams
  • Function : Author
Peter R Williamson
  • Function : Author
Bradly G Wouters
  • Function : Author
Chenghan Wu
  • Function : Author
Dao-Cheng Wu
  • Function : Author
William K K Wu
  • Function : Author
Andreas Wyttenbach
  • Function : Author
Ramnik J Xavier
  • Function : Author
Zhijun Xi
  • Function : Author
Pu Xia
  • Function : Author
Gengfu Xiao
  • Function : Author
Zhiping Xie
  • Function : Author
Da-Zhi Xu
  • Function : Author
Jianzhen Xu
  • Function : Author
Liang Xu
  • Function : Author
Xiaolei Xu
  • Function : Author
Ai Yamamoto
  • Function : Author
Akitsugu Yamamoto
  • Function : Author
Shunhei Yamashina
  • Function : Author
Michiaki Yamashita
  • Function : Author
Xianghua Yan
  • Function : Author
Mitsuhiro Yanagida
  • Function : Author
Dun-Sheng Yang
  • Function : Author
Elizabeth Yang
  • Function : Author
Jin-Ming Yang
  • Function : Author
Shi Yu Yang
  • Function : Author
Wannian Yang
  • Function : Author
Wei Yuan Yang
  • Function : Author
Zhifen Yang
  • Function : Author
Meng-Chao Yao
  • Function : Author
Behzad Yeganeh
  • Function : Author
Wei-Lien Yen
  • Function : Author
Jia-Jing Yin
  • Function : Author
Xiao-Ming Yin
  • Function : Author
Ook-Joon Yoo
  • Function : Author
Gyesoon Yoon
  • Function : Author
Seung-Yong Yoon
  • Function : Author
Tomohiro Yorimitsu
  • Function : Author
Yuko Yoshikawa
  • Function : Author
Tamotsu Yoshimori
  • Function : Author
Kohki Yoshimoto
  • Function : Author
Ho Jin You
  • Function : Author
Richard J Youle
  • Function : Author
Anas Younes
  • Function : Author
Li Yu
  • Function : Author
Long Yu
  • Function : Author
Seong-Woon Yu
  • Function : Author
Wai Haung Yu
  • Function : Author
Zhi-Min Yuan
  • Function : Author
Zhenyu Yue
  • Function : Author
Cheol-Heui Yun
  • Function : Author
Michisuke Yuzaki
Olga Zabirnyk
  • Function : Author
Elaine Silva-Zacarin
  • Function : Author
David Zacks
  • Function : Author
Eldad Zacksenhaus
  • Function : Author
Zahra Zakeri
  • Function : Author
Herbert J Zeh
  • Function : Author
Scott O Zeitlin
  • Function : Author
Hui-Ling Zhang
  • Function : Author
Jing-Pu Zhang
  • Function : Author
Lin Zhang
Long Zhang
  • Function : Author
Xu Dong Zhang
  • Function : Author
Mantong Zhao
  • Function : Author
Yi-Fang Zhao
  • Function : Author
Zhizhuang J Zhao
  • Function : Author
Xiaoxiang Zheng
  • Function : Author
Qing Zhong
  • Function : Author
Wei-Guo Zhu
  • Function : Author
Xiao-Feng Zhu
  • Function : Author
Yuangang Zhu
  • Function : Author
Wei-Xing Zong
  • Function : Author
Brian Zuckerbraun
  • Function : Author

Abstract

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.

Dates and versions

hal-00735751 , version 1 (26-09-2012)

Identifiers

Cite

Daniel J Klionsky, Fabio C Abdalla, Hagai Abeliovich, Robert T Abraham, Abraham Acevedo-Arozena, et al.. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.. Autophagy, 2012, 8 (4), pp.445-544. ⟨10.4161/auto.8.4.19496⟩. ⟨hal-00735751⟩
48443 View
0 Download

Altmetric

Share

Gmail Facebook X LinkedIn More